Other sites include Swartkrans, Gondolin Cave, Kromdraai, Coopers Cave and Malapa. The sites include Sterkfontein, one of the richest sites for hominin fossils in the world. The area, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been branded "the Cradle of Humankind".
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Archaeologists have recovered extensive fossil remains from a series of caves in Gauteng Province. South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human-fossil sites in the world. Migrations that formed the modern Rainbow nation However, crime, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day. Since the end of apartheid, government accountability and quality of life have substantially improved in South Africa. South Africa also has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa. It has been classified by the World Bank as a newly industrialised country, with the second-largest economy in Africa, and the 35th-largest in the world. It is a developing country, ranking 114th on the Human Development Index. South Africa is an upper- middle power in international affairs it maintains significant regional influence and is a member of both the Commonwealth of Nations and G20. South Africa is often referred to as the " rainbow nation" to describe the country's multicultural diversity, especially in the wake of apartheid. Since 1994, all ethnic and linguistic groups have held political representation in the country's liberal democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. After a long and sometimes violent struggle by the African National Congress (ANC) and other anti-apartheid activists both inside and outside the country, the repeal of discriminatory laws began in the mid-1980s. The National Party imposed apartheid in 1948, institutionalising previous racial segregation. However, the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994.ĭuring the 20th century, the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority, which played a large role in the country's recent history and politics. The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état, and regular elections have been held for almost a century. The two next ones are of European origin: Afrikaans (13.5%) developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most Coloured and White South Africans English (9.6%) reflects the legacy of British colonialism, and is commonly used in public and commercial life. According to the 2011 census, the two most spoken first languages are Zulu (22.7%) and Xhosa (16.0%). Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, the fourth-highest number in the world. South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with a diversity of unique biomes and plant and animal life. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the most populous country located entirely south of the equator. South Africa is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European ( White South Africans), Asian ( Indian South Africans and Chinese South Africans), and Multiracial ( Coloured South Africans) ancestry. About 80% of South Africans are of Black African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages. South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein and Cape Town respectively. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 23rd-most populous nation and covers an area of 1,221,037 square kilometres (471,445 square miles). South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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